Stress And Causes

Author: Sinaga google.com

Stress in the sense in general is feeling depressed, anxious and tense. In common parlance - the stress is known as the stimulus or response that requires the individual to make adjustments. According to Lazarus and Folkman (1986) is the internal state of stress that can be caused by the physical demands of the body or the environment and social conditions are considered potentially harmful, uncontrolled or exceed the individual's ability to cope.

Stress also is a state of distress, both physically and psychologically (Chapplin, 1999). Stress is also explained as a term used in the behavioral sciences and natural sciences to indicate the situation or the physical, biological and psychological organisms that exert pressure on the organism so that it is above the threshold adaptive strength. (McGrath, and Wedford in Arend et al, 1997).

According to Lazarus and Folkman (1986) stress has three forms, namely:

1. Stimulus, that stress is a condition or specific events that cause stress or also called stressors.

2. Response, which is a response to stress or the individual reactions that arise because of certain situations that cause stress. The response may appear psychologically, such as: palpitations, trembling, dizziness, and psychological responses such as fear, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and irritability.

3. Process, namely stress described as a process by which individuals can actively influence the impact of stress through behavioral strategies, cognitive and affective.

Rice (2002) says that stress is an environmental event or stimulus that causes people to feel tense. Atkinson (2000) suggested that stress refers to the events of the perceived harm a person's physical and psychological well-being. This situation is known as a cause of stress and individual reactions to stressful situations as stress response.

Stress And Causes

Based on the explanations above we can conclude that stress is a condition that suppresses the individual. Stress is a complex mechanism and generate a good response interrelated physiological, psychological, and behavior in individuals who experience it, where the individual mechanisms that are different between one individual to another individual.

Causes of stress or stressors

Stressors are factors in human life that causes the stress response. Stressors can come from various sources, both from the physical, psychological, and social and also appeared on the employment situation, at home, in social life, and other external environment. The term stressor was first introduced by Selye (in Rice, 2002).

According to Lazarus and Folkman (1986) stressor can be tangible or physical form (such as air pollution) and can also be related to the social environment (such as social interaction). The individual's own thoughts and feelings are regarded as a threat both real and imagination can also be a stressor.

According to Lazarus and Cohen (1977), three types of events that can cause stress, namely:

a. Daily hassles are minor incidents that occur repeatedly every day such as problems at work, school and so on.

b. Personal stressor that is a threat or nuisance more powerful or great loss of something that happens at the individual level as losing a loved one, loss of a job, financial problems and other personal issues.

Freese added Gibson (in Rachmaningrum, 1999), age is one of the important factors that cause stress, increasing the life of a person, the more prone to stress. This is partly caused by physiological factors that have suffered setbacks in various capabilities such as visual ability, berp ikir, given and heard.

Work experience also affects the appearance of job stress. Individuals who have longer work experience, tend to be more susceptible to the pressures of the job, rather than indi vidu with little experience (Koch Dan Dipboye, in Rachmaningrum, 1999). Furthermore, there are several other factors that can affect stress levels, namely physical condition, the presence or absence of social support, self esteem, lifestyle as well as certain personality types (Dipboye, Gibsin, Riggio in Rachmaningrum, 1999).

Source: University of North Sumatra Articles